• Device exchange in which organizations facilitate the transfer of a device from a consumer who does not need the device to a consumer who could use the device without the organization taking possession of the device at any time.

  • Device reassignment in which an organization accepts devices from donors and stores them until they can be given or sold to new owners.

  • Device refurbishment in which an organization takes the additional step of repairing or restoring used devices to original manufacturer specifications before giving or selling the device to a new owner.

  • Device remanufacturing in which an organization alters or enhances devices before giving or selling the device to a new owner.

  • Device recycling in which an organization accepts devices from donors and breaks the devices down into component pieces for recycling and disposal.